On Real-valued Visual Cryptographic Basis Matrices

Visual cryptography (VC) encodes an image into noise-like shares, which can be stacked to reveal a reduced quality version of the original. The problem with encrypting colour images is that they must undergo heavy pre-processing to reduce them to binary, entailing significant quality loss. This paper proposes VC that works directly on intermediate grayscale values per colour channel and demonstrates real-valued basis matrices for this purpose. The resulting stacked shares produce a clearer reconstruction than in binary VC, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first method posing no restrictions on colour values while maintaining the ability to decrypt with human vision. Grayscale and colour images of differing entropies are encrypted using fuzzy OR and XOR, and their PSNR and structural similarities are compared with binary VC to demonstrate improved quality. It is compared with previous research and its advantages highlighted, notably in high quality reconstructions with minimal processing

Association Rule Mining using Path Systems in Directed Graphs

A transaction database (TDB) consists of a set $I$ of items and a multiset $\mathcal{D}$ of nonempty subsets of $I,$ whose elements are called transactions. There are several algorithms for solving the popular and computationally expensive task of association rule mining from a TDB. In this paper we propose a data structure which consists of a directed graph $D$ (loops and multiple arcs are permitted) and a system of directed paths in $D$ to represent a TDB. We give efficient algorithms for generating the data structure, for extracting frequent patterns and  for association rule mining.  We also propose several graph theoretic parameters which lead to a better understanding of the system

(E)-3-(4-Methyl­phen­yl)-1-(1,3-thia­zol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title chalcone, C13H11NOS, derived from the condensation of p-tolualdehyde and 1-(1,3-thia­zol-2-yl)ethanone, the olefine group has a trans configuration. No classical hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Digital speed controller implementation for a switched reluctance motor drive using FPGA

In this paper, a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based digital speed control scheme is presented, that is developed to overcome the drawbacks existing in the previous speed control schemes, which were proposed for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. It is based on discrete P, PI and PID control algorithm, and requires simple mathematical models. The scheme is implemented by using a XC2S300E FPGA. The real-time experimental results given in this paper show that the speed control method proposed could provide accurate speed control and over a wide range of speeds, and can also perform accurately at different operating conditions (steady state/transient operation under soft chopping mode). The closed loop SRM speed control system is seen to achieve 6.2 RPM speed accuracy, depending on the needed operating speed range, with a step response settling time of 0.25 to 1.05 seconds. Complete descriptions of the experimental system along with FPGA implementation are presented

Impact of the orientation of seed placement and depth of its sowing on germination: A review

Seed orientation and its impacts on germination and seedling establishment mainly depend on the type of germination (hypogeal (or) epigeal), seed size and shape. Higher germination per cent is noticed when seeds are sown in the horizontal position. Planting seeds in a downward position can lead to a variety of physiological, chemical and morphological changes in seedlings. Consequences are usually manifested as noticeable modifications in their development. Vigorous seeds have strong, resilient seedlings due to their well-balanced metabolism and coordinated subcellular activity, making them well-suited for tough environments. Proper plumule and radicle growth require additional hormones and energy to ensure seedling survival. Four necessary factors must be considered while deciding the sowing depth viz., soil moisture, optimum soil temperature, soil aeration and atmospheric humidity required for seed germination, emergence and seedling growth. Variations are observed in germination behaviour and seedling growth for different sowing depths. The necessary factors are very much important for efficient nursery seedlings production. This review looks at the effects of seed depth and orientation on the germination and growth of important agricultural, horticultural and silvicultural crops

Application of Artificial Intelligence to Predict the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Engine using Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester

AbstractArtificial neural network (ANN) in artificial intelligence is an implementation of an algorithm inspired by research into the brain. This paper deals with artificial neural network modeling of a diesel engine to predict the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine fuelled with diesel as well as various percentages of blends of rapeseed oil methyl ester with diesel at different loads to acquire data for training and testing the proposed ANN. To train the network, biodiesel blend percentage, engine load, specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were used as the input variables where as the engine performance together with engine exhaust emissions were used as the output variables. Online back-propagation algorithm was used to train the network. ANN model can predict the engine performance and exhaust emissions quite well with correlation coefficients with very low root mean square errors

Effect of ageing on in vitro true seed and in vivo drupe germination and its dormancy mechanism in teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f)

The germination percentage of teak seed is generally very poor due to its higher percentage of empty seed and poor seed viability. The viable seeds exhibit protracted germination behaviour due to their inherent seed dormancy and other physiochemical characteristics. Hence establishing a teak nursery for largescale plantation activities is a challenging task. This study was undertaken to study the effect of ageing on in vitro true seed and in vivo drupe germination and its dormancy mechanism in teak. Fresh, one-year and two-year stored drupes were used to represent different levels of ageing. Under in vivo conditions, poor drupe germination was observed in fresh drupes (3%) and germination percentage was increased when the drupes were subjected to ageing for one year (17%) or two years (32%). When true seeds separated from fresh drupes and germinated under in vitro conditions, enhanced germination (58.3%) was observed. Biochemical analysis showed that indole-3- acetic acid, indole butyric acid, abscisic acid and coumarin are not present in fresh, one year and two-year-old true seeds. The gibberellic acid was increased with an increase in ageing, but the GA3 did not influence the germination percent under in vitro conditions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of fresh teak true seed showed that embryo tip was shrivelled, whereas one and two-year-old true seed embryo tip bulged; this was confirmed that one and two-year-old true seed embryos were matured and satisfied the after-ripening requirement. Nursery studies revealed that one and two-year-old drupes recorded the highest germination compared to fresh drupes.                

Electric Car: A Research Impact BY Means OF Scientometric Analysis

The day-to-day increasing costs of petrol and diesel and to control the air pollution makes an impact to do a scientometric analysis on the research ouput on “Electric Car”. Therefore, the research publications indexed in Web of Science for 28 years have been downloaded from 1991 to 2018 for the analysis. The research reveals that a total of 2424 publications is published during the above-mentioned year. The regression test proves that the deviation among the data is low and has possibility to calculate the doubling time on the basis the last 14 years. The doubling time proves that the growth of publications increased from year after year. Journal articles played a dominant role among other type of publications. The language “English” played prominent role than the other language publications on “Electric Car”. Tang T.Q. published 15 publications and ranked first among the other authors. The Lotka’s Law does not fit the author productivity of the publications published on “Electric Car”. Eventhough, the research publications are increasing from year after year, the number of publications published in the past is not up to remarkable. At the same time, only a very few countries have been implemented the “Electric Car” throughout the world. It is therefore, suggested that the funding agencies, sponsoring bodies and global research and development ministries to encourage the researchers to do many more research on “Electric Car”, to enhance the control of air pollution by means of reducing the consumption of Petrol and Diesel, which will also support the cost control for better economy of the global countries